Beware of dangerous woman

View more PowerPoint from Anup Tiwari

http://www.slideshare.net/satanic/beware-of-dangerous-woman-presentation

Majlis Ilmu

I was exhausted for the busy schedule in my workplace. Lot so of functions and seminar (workshop) coming up in the events. i was quite busy for meetings and i also have to attend the IPA courses for 3 days in this July.. Besides busy with other meetings, at the same time, I had to manage the patients and spend time with my patients...

Last Sunday, i attended the Symposium "Advance Nursing Practice" from 8.00 am to 2 pm... I was having the opportunity to visit some of the poster done by my colleagues especially the services of Psychiatry Services and also from other department. This is the photos i managed to snap from my mobile phone.

 

Interferon (Roferon, Intron A)

 What interferon is

Interferon alpha is a man-made copy of a substance that some types of white blood cell make naturally in the body. The blood cells make interferon as part of the immune response, when the body reacts to infection or to cancer.
Interferon works in several ways. It interferes with cancer cells and stops them growing and multiplying. And it stimulates the immune system by encouraging killer T cells and other cells to attack cancer cells. It also encourages cancer cells to send out chemicals that attract the immune system cells to them.
Interferon is used to treat several different types of cancer, particularly renal cell (kidney) cancer, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma and some types of leukaemia. It is also used to treat diseases other than cancer.
Interferon can only be given into the bloodstream or by injection. It is most often given by injection just under the skin (subcutaneously). How often you have it depends on what you are being treated for. It can be given daily, although it is most often given 3 times a week. If you are having interferon for some weeks or months, you can be taught to give the injection yourself at home. Or a family member can learn how to do it. You should keep your interferon in the fridge.

You should tell your doctor if you have

• Shingles or exposure to someone with chickenpox (interferon treatment may make this flare up)
• Heart disease

The side effects associated with interferon alpha are listed below. You can use the links (underlined) to find out more about each side effect. Where there is no link, the information in the chemotherapy side effects chemotherapy side effetssection may be helpful. Although interferon is not chemotherapy, the way you manage side effects may be similar. Or you can click on search at the top of the page.

Common side effects

With this drug, many people have a temporary drop in the number of blood cells made by the bone marrow, leading to the following side effects

• Increased risk of getting an infection from a drop in white blood cells - it is harder to fight infections and you can become very ill. You may have headaches, aching muscles, a cough, sore throat, pain passing urine or feel cold and shivery. 
• Tiredness and breathlessness due to a drop in red blood cells (anaemia) - you may need a blood transfusion
• Bruising more easily due to a drop in platelets - you may have nosebleeds, bleeding gums after brushing your teeth, or lots of tiny red spots or bruises on your arms or legs (known as Petechia

Some of these side effects can be life threatening, particularly infections.  You should contact your doctor if you have any of these side effects.  Your doctor will check your blood counts regularly to see how well your bone marrow is working
Other common side effects include

• Fatigue - patients say this is the most disruptive side effect of all. Tiredness often carries on after treatment has ended. Most people find their energy levels are back to normal from 6 months to a year after their treatment finishes.
• Flu-like symptoms: fever, chill, headache, aching muscles and joints. Nearly everyone taking interferon has this side effect at first. It usually gets better as your course of treatment continues. These symptoms usually begin 2 to 4 hours after your injection and last for about 12 hours. Take paracetamol before your injection and every 4 to 6 hours afterwards for as long as you need to. But don't take more than 8 tablets in 24 hours. You can try having your injection and paracetamol before you go to bed to see if that helps.
• Feeling or being sick - this happens to about half the people treated
• Diarrhoea Diarrhoea - you should drink plenty of fluids. If diarrhoea is severe or continues you could get dehydrated, so tell your doctor or nurse.
• Loss of appetite - may increase as your course of treatment goes on. You may also have taste changes or a metallic taste in your mouth
• Interferon may have a harmful effect on a baby developing in the womb. It is not advisable to become pregnant or father a child whilst taking this drug. You should discuss contraception with your doctor before having the treatment.

Occasional side effects

Some people have the following side effects

• A skin rash or itching at the injection site
• Hair thinningthis is more likely to happen with long courses or high doses of interferon
• Depression, confusion or extreme sleepiness. This is more common in older patients or people who have had depression before. Tell your doctor if you have these symptoms.
• Change in liver enzyme blood tests. This is usually very mild but your doctor may take regular blood tests to monitor for this.
• Heart problems. These are quite uncommon and nearly always get better when treatment is stopped. You should tell your doctor if you have had heart problems before.
• Loss of appetite
• Loss of fertility- you may not be able to get pregnant or father a child after treatment with this drug. It is important to talk to your doctor about your fertility before starting treatment. Women may stop having periods (amenorrhoea). This may only be temporary.

Important points to remember

The side effects above may be mild or more severe. A side effect may get better or worse through your course of treatment, or more side effects may develop as the course goes on. This depends on

• How many times you've had the drug before
• Your general health
• The amount of the drug you have (the dose)
• Other drugs you are having

Some side effects are inconvenient or upsetting but not damaging to your health.
Some side effects are serious medical conditions and need treating. Where we have urged you to contact your doctor, this is because

• Your side effect may need treating
• Your drug dose may need reducing to try to prevent the side effect

Tell your doctor about any other medicines you are taking, including vitamins, herbal supplements and other over the counter remedies - some drugs can react together.
Talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse about all your side effects so that they can help you manage them. Your chemotherapy nurse, clinic or ward nurse will have given you a contact number. You can ring if you have any questions or problems. They can give you advice or reassure you. If in doubt, call them.

Source taken from: Cancer research UK at URL : Cancer Research UK 

 

THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER

With two thirds of the earth's surface covered by water and the human body consisting of 75 percent of it, it is evidently clear that water is one of the prime elements responsible for life on earth. Water circulates through the land just as it does through the human body, transporting, dissolving, replenishing nutrients and organic matter, while carrying away waste material. Further in the body, it regulates the activities of fluids, tissues, cells, lymph, blood and glandular secretions.

An average adult body contains 42 litres of water and with just a small loss of 2.7 litres he or she can suffer from dehydration, displaying symptoms of irritability, fatigue, nervousness, dizziness, weakness, headaches and consequently reach a state of pathology. Dr F. Batmanghelidj, in his book 'your body's many cries for water', gives a wonderful essay on water and its vital role in the health of a water 'starved' society. He writes: "Since the 'water' we drink provides for cell function and its volume requirements, the decrease in our daily water intake affects the efficiency of cell activity........as a result chronic dehydration causes symptoms that equal disease..."

[REF: http://www.laleva.cc/environment/water.html ]

I went to few government Department: Housing Department, Water Department and also electric Department in Berakas. Few picture I had taken from their display and exhibition which is very creative...

KEJARLAH MASA DEPAN LUPAKAN MASA LALU

Jika anda melakukan kesalahan, jangan terlena dengan merenungkannya terlalu lama. Ambillah pelajaran dari apa yang terjadi di masa lalu dan kemudian pikirkan tentang apa yang harus anda lakukan di masa depan. Kesalahan merupakan pelajaran kebijaksanaan. Masa lalu memang tidak bisa diubah. Kejarlah masa depan karena masa depan berada dalam kekuasaan anda.
- Hugh White

VITAMIN

A vitamin is any group of organic substances - other than proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and organic salts - which are essential for normal metabolism, growth, and development. Vitamins regulate metabolic processes, control cellular functions, and prevent diseases, such as scurvy and rickets.
Let's examine what each vitamin does for us, what happens if there is a deficiency, and from what foods we can get them.

Vitamin A:
Essential for normal growth, integrity of the skin, and bone development. Lack of Vitamin A can lead to infection of the cornea, conjunctiva (the red part of the eye), trachea (windpipe), hair follicles, and renal system. Deficiency can also cause night blindness. Vitamin A is found in butter, butterfat in milk, egg yolk, some fruits (prunes, pineapples, oranges, limes, and cantaloupe), green leafy vegetables and carrots.

Vitamin B Complexes:

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) affects growth, appetite, and carbohydrate metabolism. Alcoholics can be especially deficient. B1 is found in whole grains, nuts, egg yolk, fruits, and most vegetables.

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) affects growth and cellular metabolism (the ability of the cell to take in food, make energy and discard waste). Found in liver, meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and green vegetables.

A deficiency in Vitamin B6 (niacin) will cause pellagra, which is associated with the "four D's": dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. Found in liver, meat, poultry, and green vegetables.

Vitamin B12 (biotin, folic acid, and cyanocobalamin) is found in leafy green vegetables, organ meats, lean beef and veal, and wheat cereals. A deficiency will result in pernicious anemia and neurological problems, including numbness and weakness.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid):
Necessary for the formation of connective tissue between cells as well as maintenance of the "cement" that secures cells to membranes. A deficiency will lead to scurvy (shallow complexion, loss of energy, pain in legs and joints, bleeding gums, and muscle pain). Vitamin C is found in raw cabbage, carrots, orange juice, lettuce, celery, onions, tomatoes, and all citrus fruits.

Vitamin D:
Necessary for the development of bones and teeth, a deficiency can lead to rickets and tooth decay. It is essential in the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, two of the most important constituents of bone and teeth. Vitamin D is manufactured in the skin with exposure to sunlight, and is also found in milk, cod liver oil, salmon, egg yolk, and butter fat.

Vitamin E:
Although the exact function of this vitamin is not clearly understood, it is essential to humans and has been related to the healing of scars. A deficiency is extremely rare, as Vitamin E is found in many foods.

Vitamin K:
Essential for blood clotting, Vitamin K is found in fats, oats, wheat, rye, and alfalfa.

Health.. Fruits and vegetables

A Life In Your Hands

I read through and search through the net.. I found this ...

If a child lives with criticism, he learns to condemn;
If a child lives with hostility, he learns to fight;
If a child lives with ridicule, he learns to be shy;
If a child lives with shame, he learns to feel guilty;

If a child lives with tolerance, he learns to be patient;
If a child lives with encouragement, he learns confidence;
If a child lives with praise, he learns to appreciate;
If a child lives with fairness, he learns justice;
If a child lives with security, he learns to have faith;
If a child lives with approval, he learns to like himself;
If a child lives with acceptance and friendship, he learns to find love in the world.

Author: Dorothy Law Holte